A distribution board is an equipment that distributes electrical power coming from the main supply to multiple circuits in any building. It primarily serves the purpose of distributing electricity safely and effectively across various parts of an establishment. The size of a distribution board and the complexity of its design vary according to the total amount of power needed and the number of circuits required.

It can usually consist of a distribution board with circuit breakers, fuses, and protective devices to regulate and manage electricity inflow. In a way, it isolates various circuits and helps manage electrical load while saving wiring and gadgets from probable damage caused due to overcurrents or short circuits.

3-Phase Electrical Distribution Board

Components of a 3-Phase Distribution Board

• Main Breaker: This is the switchgear controlling the whole 3-phase system and also provides overcurrent protection. It provides the isolation of the supply of electricity when maintenance is to be performed or even in case of emergencies.
• Circuit Breakers: They are designed for disconnection of power from individual circuits in case of overload or short-circuit conditions. They are available in ratings of different amperages depending on the requirements of specific circuits they are intended to protect.
• Bus Bars: These conductive bars distribute electrical current to different circuit breakers. A 3-phase system accounts for three independent phases provided via the bus bars, which maintains a balanced load distribution.
• Neutral and Earth Bars: It provides points for the neutral and earth wires thus it gives a safe and proper, correct way for grounding the electrical system.

Advantages of 3-Phase Distribution

• Effectiveness: 3-phase systems are more efficient than single-phase ones because the power they deliver remains more constant while avoiding losses.
• Power Capacity: They handle bigger loads; therefore, they can be suitably used in industrial and commercial institutions for applications of huge power.
• Stability: The power supply is balanced so that there are minimal chances of voltage drop or fluctuation, proving a stable operation and reliability of equipment operations.
• Reduced Wiring Costs: Since 3-phase systems can distribute more power using smaller conductors, they have lower wire costs and installation costs.

How does a 3-Phase Distribution Board Work?

In case of electrical fault or overload, only the circuit breaker that matches the circuit at fault will trip. This means the problem is isolated to prevent a complete power outage. This isolation feature makes this electrical system much safer and more reliable.