DNP3 – What You Need To Know?
DNP3 is an abbreviation of Distributed Network Protocol, version 3. It is a communications protocol employed for the exchange of data between control systems and field devices. In real life, it allows devices such as RTUs (Remote Terminal Units), PLCs (Programmable Logic Controllers), IEDs...
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AS/NZS 3010 – What Is The Purpose for Generating Sets?
AS/NZS 3010 is the Australian and New Zealand standard for electrical installations involving generating sets. The current edition was released in 2017, with an amendment in 2020 to refine some of the rules. This standard gives us guidance on the correct installation practices for...
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Solid Neutral Earthing – What Is The Importance?
In an earthed system, the neutral point of a generator or a transformer is directly connected to earth with no deliberate resistance or reactance between. No buffers, a direct connection. Any fault between phase and earth is instantly apparent to the system, and protective...
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IEC 62116 – Test Of Anti-Islanding Protection
IEC 62116 is the test procedure used to evaluate whether a grid-connected PV inverter has adequate anti-islanding protection. Its full title is “Utility-interconnected photovoltaic inverters – Test procedure of islanding prevention measures.” In plain English, that means it sets out how to test an...
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What is PDI5000 and its purpose?
PDI5000 is all about making sure embedded generators don’t pose a risk to the wider electricity network. It provides detailed instructions for designing protection systems that detect faults, prevent backfeeding, and allow safe operation during outages or abnormal conditions. Without a properly configured protection...
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Form 4 – Internal Separation of LV Switchgear
In a Form 4 switchboard, each major component has its own enclosed space. The busbars are fully separated from the functional units, the functional units are individually kept separate, and even the cable terminations are isolated from both the busbars and other terminations of cable....
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Form 2 – Understanding Internal Separation in Low Voltage Switchgear
Form 2 is where the busbars are isolated from the functional units. Functional units refer to devices such as circuit breakers, contactors, and other circuit control or protection devices. We isolate the busbars so that there is less chance of a person accidentally touching...
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Form 1 – Forms of Internal Separation in LV Switchgear
Form 1 is the initial point when referring to internal separation. It is characterized by an absolute absence of internal barriers among the main components of the switchgear. In practice, what this implies is that busbars, control units, and cable terminations all occupy the same...
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Understanding Form 3 – Internal Separation in LV Switchgear
Form 3 is well accepted for industrial and commercial switchboards. It offers a balance of safety, low maintenance, and low cost that allows it to find widespread application. It provides enhanced protection and maintenance flexibility with no high cost or bulk of fully compartmentalised...
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National Electricity Market (NEM) – How does it operate?
The National Electricity Market, or NEM, is an integral part of Australia’s energy landscape. It is both a wholesale electricity market and the physical power system. Stretching over some 40,000 kilometers of transmission lines and cables, the NEM supplies almost 200 terawatt-hours of electricity...
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